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| Saddle |
| The strip under a door that joins the floors of two rooms by concealing the seam between them. |
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| Sagging |
| Tendency of a wet paint film to flow downward and become thicker in spots on vertical surfaces. |
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| Salt Spray |
| A salt fog test environment, normally tested in accordance with ASTM B117. |
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| Sample |
| A small part or portion of a material or product intended to be representative of the whole. |
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| Sand finish |
| Pebble or sand-like texture. |
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| Sand-painted walls |
| Walls painted with a paint mixed with sand. This finish does not provide a satisfactory surface for wallpaper. |
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| Sandblast |
| Abrasive cleaning of a surface by blowing sand against it at high velocity. |
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| Sanding block |
| A padded wood block around which a piece of sandpaper is wrapped for hand-sanding a surface. |
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| Sanding sealer |
| A thinned shellac or other lightweight clear finish applied to wood to prevent the raising of wood grain by stain, filler or final finish material. |
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| Sanding sponge |
| Fine-grained (120-grit or finer) polyurethane block sponge used to sand drywall. |
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| Sandpaper |
| A coated abrasive (usually flint, garnet or aluminum oxide) glued to a paper, cloth or plastic backing. It is used for smoothing or polishing woods. |
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| Saponification |
| Chemical reaction which causes development of a soapy film on the substrate, causing peeling of a coating from the surface. |
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| Sapwood |
| The living wood near the outside of a tree trunk that carries sap. |
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| Sash |
| The part of a window unit that contains the glazing; the part that moves in operating windows. |
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| Sash brush |
| A finely bristled brush with an angled taper that makes sharp lines on trim, molding and window muntins. |
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| Satin finish |
| Finish having gloss in the general range overlapping eggshell and semigloss, depending on manufacturer's or customer's specificiations. |
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| Saturation |
| The strength or purity of a color, determined by the amount and clarity of pigment. |
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| Scale |
| The size of a room or object. |
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| Scaling |
| High temperature corrosion resulting in formation of thick corrosion product layers. |
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| Sconce |
| A decorative wall bracket that shields a bulb. |
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| Score |
| To scratch or etch a cutline in a glazed tile, prior to cutting. The tile will snap or break along the scored line. |
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| Scratch coat |
| First coat of plaster or stucco, "scratched" to bond with the next coat of plaster (the brown coat). |
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| Scrubbability |
| The ability of a coating to maintain its original hide, gloss and color after being scrubbed or washed with an abrasive soap. |
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| Scumbling |
| In painting, the operation of lightly rubbing a brush containing a small quantity of opaque or semiopaque color over a surface to soften and blend tints that are too bright, or to produce a special effect; the coat may be so thin as to be semitransparent. |
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| Sea sponge |
| The fibrous connective structure of a sea creature, used to apply and remove paint. Not to be confused with the cellulose variety used in household chores. |
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| Sealer |
| A product (for example, shellac) that seals porous surfaces by forming a durable, non-absorbent barrier that prevents them from sucking up paint. |
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| Secondary color |
| A mix of two primaries. The secondary colors are orange, green and purple. |
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| Sectional |
| Furniture made into separate pieces that coordinate with each other. The pieces can be arranged together as large unit or independently. Examples include L-shaped sofas, bookcases and desk furniture. |
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| Seediness |
| Defect in a clear varnish or lacquer caused by small particles sometimes visible when examined by transmitted light. On application, varnished or lacquered surfaces may present a bitty, specky or sandy appearance due to this defect. |
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| Seeding |
| Formation of small, undesirable particles or granules in a paint, varnish or lacquer. |
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| Seeds |
| Undesirable particles which develop in a liquid coating by partial gelation of a vehicle or by agglomeration of pigment particles. |
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| Segmented fence |
| A fence consisting of short, straight sections attached to posts plotted along a curve. |
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| Self- Leveling |
| The ability of a coating to flow into the indentations left by brushes and rollers and dry to a smooth finish. |
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| Self-Cleaning |
| A feature of exterior, alkyd paints, whereby the dry film chalks which then washes down the surface with rain. Any contamination that has been deposited on the paint is carried away with the chalk. |
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| Self-lifting resistance |
| The ability of dried films of organic coating materials to resist deformation upon application of an additional coat of the same material. |
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| Self-priming |
| Use of same coating for primer and for subsequent coats. It may be thinned differently for the various coats. |
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| Self-sealing paint |
| A paint which, when applied over a surface of varying porosity seals the surface and yet dries with a uniform color and sheen. |
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| Semi-gloss |
| A gloss range between high gloss and eggshell, approximately 35 to 70 on the 60 degree gloss scale. |
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| Semi-gloss |
| A slightly lustrous finish that is light reflective and has an appearance somewhere between gloss and eggshell. |
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| Semi-gloss finish |
| These paints have a hard, slightly gloss finish that is light reflective, somewhere between gloss and eggshell. |
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| Semi-transparent stain |
| A coating which is formulated to change the color of a surface, but not conceal the surface. |
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| Semi-transparent wallpaper |
| A wallpaper that is usually light in background color and permits darker colors to show through from the wall surface. |
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| Semi-vitreous tile |
| Tile that absorbs between 3- and 7-percent water. |
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| Set Up |
| A paint film that has filmed over and hardened. |
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| Setting up |
| (1)Conversion of liquid paint during storage to a gel-like or pseudosolid condition. The process is usually reversible by agitation and thinning, but may be permanent when chemically reactive pigments or highly polymerized media are involved. (2)The thickening which occurs when paint stands in an open can. (3)The increasing viscosity of a paint film as it dries. |
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| Settling |
| Pigment separates from other coating ingredients and cakes or settles at the bottom of the can. |
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| Shade |
| Slight graduation or variation of a color. It usually refers to a darker tonal value of the hue. Wallpaper is considered shaded whenever there is inconsistent tonal value from one strip to another. |
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| Shading |
| The technique of sorting rolls or strips of wallpaper so that they are uniform in color or tonal values. Wallpapers such as grasscloth, rushcloth, etc., will always contain various inconsistencies in tonal values because this is a natural effect. |
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| Sheen |
| The degree of gloss in a paint. Sheen ranges from flat to high gloss. |
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| Shelf edging |
| Trim that covers the exposed edges of plywood or particleboard casework and shelving. |
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| Shelf life |
| The period of time after manufacture, during which a coating should be used. |
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| Shelf tower |
| A tall set of shelves with two vertical dividers, that fits into a closet; usually secured to the back wall with furring strips. |
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| Shellac |
| A natural resin secreted from the lac bug that inhabits certain trees native to India and Thailand. Shellac is the only natural resin still widely used as a finish. |
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| Shiner |
| A glossy spot on an otherwise non- glossy surface. Can be caused by spot- priming patched areas, poor wet- edge lapping, or spot- painting with poorly mixed or unmatched paint. |
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| Shingle stain |
| A low-viscosity, pigmented, penetrating paint for use on wood shingles to provide color and protection against moisture penetration. |
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| Short oil varnish |
| A varnish relatively high in resin content, containing usually less than 10 gallons of oil per 100 pounds of resin. |
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| Shrinkage |
| Disruption of the level plane of the finished surface, resulting in a loss of gloss or wrinkling. Contraction of the wooden substrate, frequently resulting in cracking and/or checking of the coated surface. |
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| Sidedraft booth |
| A spray booth in which air movement is from the front side to the back side of the booth. |
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| Sidelight |
| A window or panel mounted at the side of a door. |
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| Sight line |
| The natural line of sight the eye travels when looking into or around a room. |
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| Silica |
| Ground sand or ground quartz used as a pigment extender. |
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| Silicone |
| A resin used in the binders of coatings. Also used as an additive to provide specific properties, e.g., defoamer. |
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| Silicone oils |
| Oil liquids containing polymers of alternating silicone and oxygen atoms. They have a surface tension lowering effect when mixed with paints. Often used to control foaming. |
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| Silicone paint |
| Paint, based on silicone resins, that is resistant to very high temperatures and therefore useful on smokestacks, heaters, stoves, and electrical insulation; requires heat to cure or set; has a high resistance to chemical attack. |
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| Silking |
| The term applied to parallel hair-like striations showing in coated films. |
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| Sill |
| The bottom of a window or door frame; lowest member in the wood frame of a structure. |
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| Sill (window) |
| The piece of wood at the bottom of a window frame, typically angled to shun water. |
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| Sizing |
| A powdered mixture of starch and cornflower or cellulose and pine flower. When applied to a wall surface, these mixtures provide uniform porosity and increase the tack of wallpaper during installation. |
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| Skim-coating |
| The technique of rolling water-thinned joint compound onto a wall and then flattening it with a 20-inch knife to create a very thin, paint-like layer. |
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| Skin |
| A layer formed on the surface of a paint or varnish caused by exposure to the air or moisture which produces oxidation or polymerization on the surface. |
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| Sky light |
| A framed opening in the roof that admits sunlight into the house. It can be covered with either a flat glass panel or a plastic dome. |
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| Sleepy |
| Description of a recently applied glossy coating which has lost its initial gloss other than by bloom and has become dulled or lacking in luster. |
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| Sliding window |
| Similar to a double-hung window turned on its side. The glass panels slide horizontally. |
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| Slip |
| The opposite of friction. The term given to a coating which appears to be lubricated. Such coatings may, in fact, contain lubricants (as additives) which rise to the surface of the dry film. |
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| Slipcover |
| A fabric or plastic cover that can be draped or tailored to fit over a piece of furniture. |
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| Slow solvent |
| Solvent with a slow evaporation rate |
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| Slurry |
| Mix of water and finely ground substances such as portland cement, plaster or clay particles. |
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| Slushing compound |
| A non-drying oil or grease applied to metals for temporary corrosion protection. |
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| Snap time |
| The point at which a paint or glaze has begun to dull down and become tacky. After snap time, a paint cannot be worked without causing damage to the finish. |
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| Snap-in grilles |
| Ready-made rectangular and diamond-pattern grilles that snap into a window sash and create the look of a true divided-light window. |
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| Softwood |
| Wood, such as cedar, cypress, fir, hemlock, pine, redwood and spruce, that comes from coniferous trees. Some kinds of softwood are used outdoors because they are naturally rot resistant. |
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| Solid |
| The part of the same coating that remains on the surface after the vehicle has evaporated. Also called non-volatile. |
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| Solid surfacing |
| A countertop material made of acrylic plastic and fine-ground synthetic particles, sometimes made to look like granite. |
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| Solid vinyls |
| Wallpapers that contain a woven or non-woven substrate laminated to a solid vinyl decorative surface. |
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| Solid-sheet vinyls |
| Wallpaper that has a paper substrate laminated to solid vinyl. These wallpapers are peelable and scrubbable. Solid sheet vinyls are appropriate in heavy wear or traffic areas such as children's rooms, bathrooms, halls and stairways. |
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| Soluble |
| Able to be dissolved. |
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| Solution |
| Homogenous liquid mixture, the proportion of constituents of which may be varied within certain limits. |
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| Solvation |
| The phenomenon in which the molecules of a solvent surround and are attached to a particle of the material dissolved. |
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| Solvency |
| The ability of a pure or mixed liquid to dissolve resin. |
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| Solvent |
| A liquid capable of dissolving another substance (such as mineral spirits for alkyd paint and water for latex paint). |
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| Solvent power |
| The strength or dissolving power of a solvent. It is usually expressed in terms of kauri butanol value. The higher the kauri-butanol value, the stronger the solvent power. |
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| Soybean oil |
| A semi-drying oil obtained from the soya bean. When properly combined with resins or other chemicals it produces good quality synthetic varnishes. |
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| Space reconfiguration |
| A term used to describe the reallocation of interior space without adding on. |
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| Spackle |
| A trademarked name for joint compound. |
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| Spackling compound |
| A powdery substance that mixes with water and is used to cover seams and nail holes in plaster and gypsum wallboard. |
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| Spalling |
| The separation of a surface layer caused by thermal or mechanical stresses (as in cooling, bending, etc.). |
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| Spalter |
| A type of natural-bristle brush used for smoothing on alkyd paints. |
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| Spar varnish |
| A very durable, waterproof varnish for service on exterior exposure. Such a varnish must be resistant to rain, sunlight, and heat. |
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| Spattering |
| The technique of applying random dots of paint over a surface by striking a saturated brush or rubbing paint through a screen. |
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| Specific gravity |
| The ratio of the weight of a given volume of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water at a temperature of 62°F. |
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| Specimen |
| A piece or portion of a sample used to make a test. |
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| Spectrum |
| A spatial arrangement of electromagnetic energy in order of wavelength. In visible radiation the spectrum is a band of color produced by breaking white light into its component colors. |
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| Spewing |
| Migration of components to the surface of a coating usually because of incompatibility. |
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| Spider legs |
| Film defect where the coating material on an upright surface separates or breaks and the liquid runs down in long, crooked channels. |
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| Split complementary |
| A color paired with the colors on either side of its complementary color on the color wheel. |
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| Splitting |
| A defect in a painted surface that results when the solvents contained in a fresh coat of paint penetrate into the old paint. Likely to occur when the old layer has been sanded too much. |
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| Sponging |
| The use of a natural sea sponge, or synthetic sponge with ripped edges, dipped in colored glaze to apply decorative finish on a solid base coat. |
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| Spot Prime |
| To apply primer to those areas where the coating has been stripped or when an earlier coating has worn off in spots. |
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| Spotting |
| Development of small areas on a painted surface which differ in color or gloss from the major portion of the work. |
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| Spray booth |
| An enclosed or semienclosed area used for the spray painting of fabricated items; may be equipped with a source of filtered air to keep the atmosphere dust-free, a waterfall backdrop to trap overspray, and an exhaust system to vent the fumes of the evaporating solvents. |
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| Spreader adjusting valve |
| The adjustment valve on a compressed air spray gun which directs an air stream against the sides of an atomized paint cloud to change the cloud cross-section from circular to elliptical. |
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| Spreading rate |
| The area of a surface over which a unit volume of paint will spread: usually expressed in square feet per gallon. |
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| Stabilizer |
| Any substance added to a coating material to make it more stable in the package or while being applied. |
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| Stain |
| Any of various forms of water- or oil-based coloring agents, transparent or opaque, designed to penetrate the surface of wood. |
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| Stain brush |
| A short and wide bristled brush used for stain. The bristles reduce the amount of stain that runs into the brush ferrule. |
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| Stain controllers |
| Also called wood conditioner, prestain and grain tamer. Slow-evaporating, petroleum-distillate solvents that work by filling up the pores and less-dense parts of the wood so the stain can't penetrate. |
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| Stain grade wood |
| High quality wood that will not show flaws when treated with a transparent or semi-transparent finish. |
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| Staining power |
| Degree to which a colored pigment imparts color to a white pigment under defined conditions of test. The details of procedure for determining staining power, normally laid down in specifications for pigments, need to be carefully adhered to if consistent results are to be obtained. The corresponding property of a white pigment is "reducing power." |
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| Standard |
| A reference material used as a basis for comparison or calibration. |
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| Stearate |
| A soap that can prevent a coating from adhering to a surface. Some wood fillers contain stearates. |
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| Steel wool |
| A matted mass of long, fine steel fibers available in a variety of grades of coarseness. Used for cleaning and polishing surfaces, burnishing, removing film blemishes between coats and the intentional dulling of a coated surface. |
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| Stemware hanger |
| A storage rack for hanging stemware upside down. It is placed under a cabinet to save room inside the cabinets. |
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| Stencil |
| A cut-out pattern that allows you to paint the same motif over and over. Complex stencils will have several overlapping patterns, and different colors are applied in layers after the previous coat dries. |
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| Stick shellac |
| Shellac in solid, sticklike form, which is manufactured in clear form and in numerous colors and shades to match all woods. |
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| Stipplers |
| Blocky, stiff-bristled hog-hair brushes used to stipple wet paints, glazes and top coats. |
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| Stippling |
| A paint technique that involves pouncing a special brush straight up and down over a surface, creating myriad tiny dots that blend together when viewed from a distance. Similar to the fine-art technique known as pointillism. |
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| Stippling brush |
| A blocky, stiff-bristled china brush used to stipple wet paints, glazes and top coats. |
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| Stool |
| The piece of window trim that provides a stop for the lower sash and extends the sill into the room. |
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| Stop |
| Door jamb trim used to stop a door from overswinging; trim that secures a window sash. |
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| Storage chest-seat |
| A chest that functions both as a seat and a storage place for bed accessories and other linens. |
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| Striking In |
| The defect produced by a coat of finishing material partially penetrating an earlier coating. |
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| Stringer |
| On stairs, the diagonal boards that support the treads and risers. The middle support is called a stair carriage. |
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| Structured paint |
| Paint having a gel-like consistency which breaks down under the kind of shear exerted during brushing or roller application and re-forms when the shearing force is removed. When there is a time lag between the removal of the shearing force and the start of gel re-formation, the paint is said to be thixotropic. The thixotropic structure can vary from a very light gel to the fully gelled thixotropic paints of non-drip type. |
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| Stucco |
| A mixture of cement, lime and sand that is used to plaster exterior walls. |
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| Substrate |
| Any material that supports another material that is bonded over it, such as backer board for bathroom tile. |
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| Surface drying |
| A paint that dries from the outside in, not a good quality since the paint will skin over, blocking or slowing further drying. |
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| Surface tension |
| Tension exhibited by the free surface of liquids measured in dynes per centimeter. |
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| Surface-forming tool |
| A hand-held rasp-like tool used to shave 1/8 inch or less from drywall edges. |
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| Surfacer |
| Paint used to smooth the surface before finish coats are applied. |
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| Sweat-in time |
| For multi-component products, the period of time which must elapse after the components are mixed and before the coating can be applied (same as Induction Time). |
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| Sweating |
| (1) Exudation of oily matter from a film or paint, varnish, or lacquer after the film has apparently dried. (2) On a paint or varnish film, the development of gloss on a dull or matte finish; caused by rubbing the film. (3) Development of gloss in a dry film of paint or varnish after it has been flattened down (sanding). |
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| Synthetic resin |
| Complex, substantial amorphous organic semisolid or solid materials built up by chemical reactions of simple molecules. |
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